Flying-machine.



M. NEWGOLD.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEG. a, 1909.

Patented Nov. 26, 1912.

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AERONAU'HCS M. NEWGOLD.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIoATloN FILED DB0. s, 190e.

Patented Nov.26,1912.

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244. AERONAUTICS M. NEW GOLD.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1120.9, 1909.

Patented N0v.26,1912.

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Wl TNE SSE S i BY ATTURNEYS egHUNAU um MORRIS NRWGOLD, or New YORK, N. Y.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented NOV. 26, 1912.

Application filed December 9, 1909. Serial No. 532,157.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, MORRIS NEWGOLD, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to flying machines and more particularly to that class of such machines commonly known as aeroplanes and has for its object to suspend the operators car in such a manner that it will be capable of movement relatively to the main aeroplaneA so as to always be maintained in equilibrium and thus maintain the operator in an upright position irrespective of any position the said main aeroplanes may assume.

A further object of my invention is to provide said flying machines with auxiliary aeroplanes which are xed relatively to said operators car and which act in the nature of a parachute to retard the descent of the machine if the main aeroplanes assume an inoperative position or if for any other reason the machine becomes inoperative or unmanageable.

Heretofore one of the greatest obstructions against successful and safe aerial navigation in machines of the kind to which my invention relates has been the danger of the machine being suddenly thrown out of equilibrium or even overturned by conflicting air currents and thus precipitating both machine and operator to the earth. The particular purpose of my invention is to overcome this danger and to render the descent of the machine safe at all times and under all conditions.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the description hereinafter and the features of novelty will be pointed out in the appended claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved flying machine; Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 a front view, Fig. 4 is a similar view with parts broken away for the sake of clearness and with the main aeroplanes in a tilted or inclined position; Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail section of the mounting for the operators car; Fig. 6 is an enlarged partial side View similar to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7 is a section thereof on line 7-7 of Fig. 6.

The fiying machine comprises two rings 1 and 2 of metal or other suitable material spaced from each other in axial alinement by suitable braces 3. These rings are preferably hollow to secure a maximum degree of strength with a minimum amount of weight and are further tapered toward the front and rear respectively as indicated at 4 so as to present a surface having the least resisting power to the air as the machine travels. In other words when the machine travels forward the edge 4 of the front ring 1 will cut the air, while if the machine should travel backward the corresponding edge 4 of the rear ring 2 will act in a similar manner. Superposed rods or spars 5 having their free ends connected by cross bars 6 are secured to said rings 1 and 2 and project in opposite directions therefrom to form superposed frames for the support of the main aeroplanes 7. These aeroplanes may be made of any suitable material as for instance a fabric adapted for the purpose and are secured in position on said frames in any convenient manner. Horizontal braces and guy wires or ropes 8 and 9 are provided at proper points for strengthening these frames against lateral strains. The two superposed frames on the same side of said rings 1 and 2 are maintained in parallel relation to each other by means of uprights 10 secured thereto at intervals and are further strengthened against bending strains by guy wires or ropes 11. Superposed rods 12 and 13 converge rearwardly from and each have their one end secured to the uprights 10 and their free ends fastened together to form bearings 14 for the upright rudder shaft 15 which carries the vertical rudder 17. A drum 18 is fixed on the shaft 15 for the accommodation of the steering ropes or wires 19 which extend in opposite directions from said drum adjacent to the lower rods 12 and 13 over pulleys 20 journaled on the outside uprights 10. The ropes or wires 19 further travel over additional pulleys 21 carried by a forwardly extending frame composed of rods 22 secured to the uprights 10 and converging therefrom as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2. From the pulleys 21 the steering ropes 19 pass to a drum 23 carried by a hollowv or tubular shaft 24 arranged centrally of the machine and journaled in a bearing 25. This bearing 25 is secured to a cross bar 26, which is fastened to the forwardly extending frame composed of the rods 22. This shaft is provided at its rear end with an operating hand-wheel 27 and while said shaft is capable of rotation, its position is otherwise fixednrelatively to the main aeroplanes.

Each two rods 22 on the same side of the machine have their free ends joined together to form axially opposite bearings 28 in which the horizontal shaft 29 is journaled. This shaft 29 carries the horizontal rudder composed of superposed planes 30, 31 maintained in parallel and spaced relation to each other by means of supports 32 and strengthening wires or ropes 33. A worm wheel 34 is fixed on said shaft 29 ata point opposite to the end of the tubular shaft 24 and meshes with a worm gear 35 mounted on a shaft 36 which extends through said tubular shaft 29 and is provided at its rear end with an operating hand wheel 37. The shaft is further j ournaled in a bearing 38 secured to a cross bar 39 in turn fastened to the rods 22.

Rings 40 are secured respectively within the rings 1 and 2 eccentrically thereto as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and are preferably provided with grooved portions 42 shown best in Fig. 5. dditional movable rings 43 are arranged adjacent to each of the rings 40 and are provided with grooved portions 45 which with the grooved portions 42 of the rings 40 form races for the ball bearings 46. These rings 43 are connected together by means of bars 47 and further through the medium of the platform 48 which with said rings 43 form the operators car of the ship. This platform 48 carries the motor 49 which is operatively connected withthe propeller shaft 50 by means of a belt 51 and pulleys 52, 53 mounted respectively on the motor shaft and on said propeller shaft. The said propeller shaft is journaled in bearings 54 secured to the platform 48 and carries the propeller55. An operators seat 56 is further secured on'said platform 48 in a position convenient to the hand wheels 27 andk 37 and may be in the nature of a storage tank for the operating medium such as gasolene, etc., as clearly shown in Fig. 7.

Auxiliary aeroplanes 57 are carried by suitable frames formed of bars or rods 58 which are secured to the movable rings 43 and 44. These auxiliary planes 57 are located in a higher plane than that of the main aeroplanes when in equilibrium respectively at points to the front and rear of the operators platform and have a fixed relation therewith. That is said auxiliary planes have no movement relatively to said movable rings and said operators platform but are carried thereby and respond toany movement of said rings and platform.

To prevent the operators car from rocking on the ball bearings 46 as the ship travels through the air I provide oppositely movable bolts 59 slidably mounted in bearings 60 which are secured to the lower surface of the platform 48. The said bolts 59 are formed with teeth 61 which mesh with a pinion 62 mounted on a shaft 63 journaled in bearings 64 secured to the platform 48. An operating handle 65 is fixed to said shaft 63 and extends upwardly through an opening in the platform 48 to a point within convenient reach of the operator when seated on the seat 56. The opposite ends of the bolts 59 are arranged to enter sockets 66 secured respectively to the fixed rings 1 and 2.

67 is a lever for controlling the motor. If desired the upper portion of the rings 1 and 2 may be covered with fabric or other suitable material 68 which extends from one ring to the other and serves as a protection for the operator against sun, rain, etc., and further will under certain conditions act as an auxiliary parachute to act with the auxiliary aeroplanes 57 to retard the descent of the machine. When the ship is traveling in the air this material 68 will also augment the effective surface of the main aeroplanes 7. The customary wheels 69 for supporting the machine on the ground are provided andare journaled on a frame 70 secured to the rings 1 and 2 respectively.

The machine is guided in the usual way to the right and left by moving the vertical rudder 17 in a substantially horizontal plane by means of the ropes 19 and hand wheel 27. That is as the hand wheel 27 is rotated in one direction or the other the ropes 19 on one side will be wound up on the drum 18 thus swinging the rudder 17 about its pivot 15. In the same way by operating the hand wheel 37 in one direction or the other the shaft 36 and with it the worm gear 35 will be correspondingly rotated. This will actuate the worm wheel 34 and will tilt the planes 30 and 31 which compose the horizontal rudder either upwardly or down wardly so as to guide the machine in an upward or downward direction. By operating the horizontal rudder through the medium of a worm gearing the said rudder is substantially locked in any of its adjusted4 positions by means of the said worm gearing so that after said horizontal rudder has been adjusted to secure the desired result, the operato-r is free to manipulate the lever for governing the motor or the hand wheel 27 for steering the machine to the right or left.

Should the main aeroplanes 7 from any cause as for instance conflicting air currents be thrown out of equilibrium, the moment 244. AERONAUTICS the tilt tends to become excessive the operator immediately operates the lever 65 to disengage the bolts from the sockets 66. This result is attained through the medium of the pinion 62 and racks 61 and leaves the operators car composed of the rings 43, and platform 48 together with the motor 49, propeller 55 and connected parts as well as the auxiliary planes 57 free to move on the bearings 46 relatively the remainder of the ship. Thus no matter what position the main aeroplanes 7 may assume, the operators car and connected parts and the auxiliary aeroplanes 57 will be maintained in equilibrium by gravity with the operator always in an upright position. The said auxiliary aeroplanes 57 together with the cover 68 will when the main aeroplanes have become inoperative act in the nature of a parachute and will retard the descent of the ship and will prevent the said ship and operator from being percipitated to theA earth, while still making it possible for the motor to drive the ship forward to the nearest point adapted for the best landing. In extreme cases, as for instance a caps'izing of the ship, the main aeroplanes 7 may completely rotate relatively to the operators car and the auxiliary planes 57, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, said auxiliary planes and operators car still remaining in equilibrium so as to make a safe descent possible even under such conditions. This movement of the main planes will not be interfered with by the shafts 24 and 36 which will move with said planes within the ring 43. With my improved construction the operators ear and operator together with auxiliary planes are thus always maintained in equilibrium under all circumstances and conditions and a swift and disastrous descent of the ship is impossible.

It will be understood that changes in the specific construction shown and described may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim:

l. In an air ship, a support, an operators car movable relatively to said support so as to always remain in equilibrium, a plurality of devices for locking said car against movement relatively to said support, and a single means for concurrently operating all of said locking devices.

2. In an air ship, curved race-ways spaced apart in an axial direction, an operators car having portions arranged to travel in said race-ways so as to always remain in equilibrium, a pluraltiy of devices for locking said car against movement in said race-ways and a single means for concurrently actuating all of said locking devices.

3. In an air ship, a circular race way, aeroplanes secured to said race way, an operators car mounted to travel in said raceway so as to always remain in equilibrium, and auxiliary aeroplanes rigidly secured to said car to move therewith.

4. In an air ship, spaced connected rings, main aeroplanes secured to said rings, additional rings movable within said first named rings, auxiliary aeroplanes rigidly secured to said second named rings and an operators platform carried by said second named rings.

5. In an air ship, spaced connected rings, main aeroplanes secured to said rings, additional rings arranged eccentrically within said first named rings, connected rings movable within said eccentrically arranged rings, auxiliary aeroplanes secured to said last named rings and an operators platform carried by said last named rings.

6. In an air ship, spaced connected rings, main aeroplanes secured to said rings, additional rings arranged eccentrically within said first named rings, connected rings movable within said eccentrically arranged rings, an operators platform secured to said last named rings, mechanism for operating said air ship mounted on said platform and auxiliary aeroplanes also secured to said last named rings.

7. In an air ship, spaced connected rings, main aeroplanes secured to said rings, additional rings arranged eccentrically within said rst named rings, connected rings movable within said eccentrically arranged rings, auxiliary aeroplanes Secured to said last named rings, an operators platform carried by said last named rings and releasable means for locking said last named rings against rotative movement.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MORRIS NEWGOLD.

Witnesses:

JOHN A. KnHLENBEox, G. V. RAsMUssEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Eatents, Washington, D. C. 

